Passion Flower

1. “Passion flower is a highly valued calmative nerve, used for nervous relentlessness, as a gentle sedative for sleep difficulties, and to reduce anxiety, neurasthenia, and nervous disorders.”
   
   Minh, N.P., Tuoi, N.H., Oanh, T.T.K., Thong, N.Q., Trang, N.T.T., Le Pha, P.T., Tham, N.H., & Nga, N.H. (2018). Investigation of heat pump drying for herbal passion flower (Passiflora Foetida) tea production. Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 10(5):455-461
   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330366499_Investigation_of_heat_pump_drying_for_herbal_passion_flower_Passiflora_Foetida_tea_production
2. “Some researchers believe that passionflower supplements may help treat anxiety, insomnia, and certain forms of pain because it may increase levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a chemical the brain makes to help regulate mood.”
   
   Stinson, A. (2018, November 23). Benefits of passionflower for anxiety and insomnia. MedicalNewsToday.
   https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323795.php#what-is-passionflower
3. “According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), more research is needed to assess the potential uses of P. incarnata. Some studies suggest it may help relieve anxiety and insomnia. Other species of passionflower have shown promise for treating stomach problems.”
   
   Ashpari, Z. (2018, September 29). The calming effects of passionflower. Healthline.
   https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/calming-effects-of-passionflower

Marshmallow Root

1. “Marshmallow leaf and root are used for pain and swelling (inflammation) of the mucous membranes that line the respiratory tract. They are also used for dry cough, inflammation of the lining of the stomach, diarrhea, stomach ulcers, constipation, urinary tract inflammation, and stones in the urinary tract.”
   
   RxList (2019, September 17). Marshmallow.
   https://www.rxlist.com/marshmallow/supplements.htm
2. “It’s been used as a folk remedy for thousands of years to treat digestive, respiratory, and skin conditions. Its healing powers are due in part to the mucilage it contains. It’s typically consumed in capsule, tincture, or tea form. It’s also used in skin products and cough syrups.”
   
   Cronkleton, E. (2019, March 29). Everything you need to know about marshmallow root. Healthline.
   https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/marshmallow-root

Corydalis Powder

1. “Corydalis is used for mild depression, mild mental disorders, emotional disturbances, severe nerve damage, and limb tremors. It is also used as a mild sedative and tranquilizer, as a hallucinogen, to lower blood pressure, and to relax spasms in the small intestine.”
   
   RxList (2019, September 17). Corydalis.
   https://www.rxlist.com/corydalis/supplements.htm
2. “The Rhizome of the Corydalis ambigua plant has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine for its pain relieving properties.”
   
   Pearson, A. (2018, October 1). 6 Health Benefits of Corydalis. PlantEssentials.
   https://plantessentials.com.au/blogs/news/6-health-benefits-of-corydalis
3. “In summary, our study demonstrated the effectiveness of Corydalis yanhusuo extract in three types of pain assays without resulting in development of tolerance. Our study also illustrated the mechanism involved in these antinociceptive effects.”
   
   Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Gong, N., Kweon, T.D., Vo, B., Wang, C., Zhang, X., Chung, J.Y., Alachkar, A., Liang, X., Luo, D.Z., & Civelli, O. (2016). The Antinociceptive Properties of the Corydalis yanhusuo Extract. PLoS One, 11(9): e0162875. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162875
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5021270/

Prickly Pear

1. “Single doses of prickly pear cactus can decrease blood sugar levels by 17% to 46% in some people. However, it is not known if extended daily use can consistently lower blood sugar levels. The broiled stems of one prickly pear cactus species (Opuntia streptacantha) seem to lower blood sugar levels in people who have type 2 diabetes. However, raw or crude stems of this species do not seem to work. Other prickly pear cactus species don't seem to work either.”
   
   RxList (2019, September 17). Prickly Pear Cactus.
   https://www.rxlist.com/prickly_pear_cactus/supplements.htm
2. “Some studies have shown its antioxidant activities which may help in preventing chronic pathologies such as diabetes.”
   
   Madrigal-Santillán, E., García-Melo, F., Morales-González, J.A., Vázquez-Alvarado, P., Muñoz-Juárez, S., Zuñiga-Pérez, C., Sumaya-Martínez, M.T., Madrigal-Bujaidar, E., & Hernández-Ceruelos, A., (2013). Antioxidant and anticlastogenic capacity of prickly pear juice. Nutrients, 5(10):4145-4158. doi: 10.3390/nu5104145
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820065/
3. “Aqueous extracts from prickly pear have been shown to exhibit high total antioxidant capacity. The sources of the antioxidant properties were mainly vitamin C, with small fractions of carotenoids and vitamin E.”
   
   Uebelhack, R., Busch, R., Alt, F., Beah, Z. & Chong, P. (2014). Effects of Cactus Fiber on the Excretion of Dietary Fat in Healthy Subjects: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Investigation. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp, 76: 39–44. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2014.02.001
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109417/

California Poppy Seed

1. Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Lanhers, M.C., Younos, C., Misslin, R., Mortier, F., & Pelt, J.M. (1991). Behavioural effects of the American traditional plant Eschscholzia californica: sedative and anxiolytic properties. Planta Med, 57(3):212-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-960076
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1680240
2. Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Lanhers, M.C., Misslin, R., & Mortier, F. (2001). Neurophysiological effects of an extract of Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae). Phytother Res, 15(5):377-81. doi: 10.1002/ptr.884.
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11507727